Overview on Climate Resilience Efforts

eSwatini’s commitment to climate change adaptation is reflected in its legislative and policy framework, including the National Drought Mitigation and Adaptation Plan (2016–2022) and the National Climate Change Policy (2016). These frameworks provide an enabling environment for government, the public, and investors to engage in climate action. The country also developed a National Resilience Strategy and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy and Action Plan (2017–2021), which includes a well-functioning monitoring and early warning system.

The 2021 NDC outlines specific adaptation programmes, including:

• An Integrated Water Resource Management Strategy, recognizing water as a key driver of economic, social, and environmental development
• A Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy, integrated into the National Agriculture Investment Plan to attract investment and promote sustainable land and irrigation practices

Other priorities include establishing Early Warning Systems with the support of the South African Weather Services, improving energy efficiency and security through diversified sources, and enhancing biodiversity conservation via development partnerships. eSwatini recently adopted a new National Development Plan (2023/24–2027/28) under the theme: “Governance: the Anchor for Economic Recovery, Green Growth, and Sustainable Livelihoods.”

eSwatini has also launched:

• The Eswatini Environment Fund, managed by the Eswatini Environment Authority to promote grassroots environmental sustainability
• The Eswatini Agricultural Development Fund (approximately US$3 million) to address financing gaps in the agricultural sector and support farmers and agribusinesses

Gender Dimensions of Climate Change

Key gender issues in eSwatini related to climate change include:

• Unequal vulnerability: Women are more affected by climate change due to socio-cultural norms and economic disadvantages.
• Limited access to resources: Rural women often lack access to land, water, and energy, exacerbated by climate-induced resource constraints.
• Disproportionate caregiving responsibilities: Women manage household food, water, and care needs, which become more burdensome with climate-related disruptions.
• Health risks: Women face higher exposure to waterborne diseases and reproductive health challenges, especially during climate emergencies.
• Limited participation in decision-making: Women’s exclusion from climate-related decisions leads to less inclusive and effective policy outcomes.

To promote gender transformation, eSwatini has established a Gender Coordination Unit to integrate gender considerations into national development planning, including climate change. The AU-GCF Readiness Programme will work closely with this unit to ensure gender-responsive implementation.

Project Focus